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3. EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE 3.1 PLEDGES AND DISBURSEMENTS OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA) 24. Since 1992, the development cooperation partners of Cambodia have pledged to provide a total of 6.04 billion US dollars of development assistance to Cambodia at the three meetings International Committee for the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Cambodia (ICORC) that were held in 1993, 1994 and 1995, and at the seven Consultative Group Meetings that have been held since 1996. At the seventh CG meeting that was held in December 2004, pledges were made for the year 2005. Thus, for the years 1998, 2003 and 2004 no explicit pledges were made. Nevertheless, the development cooperation partners had disbursed US $ 433.3 million in 1998, US $ 539.5 million in 2003, and US$ 555.4 in 2004 as development assistance to Cambodia. Including disbursements in 1998, 2003 and 2004, a total of around 6.27 billion US dollars have been disbursed by the end of 2005.
a Does not
include data for 1998, when the CG Meeting was not held and therefore no
pledges were made. CHART 1: ODA PLEDGES AND DISBURSEMENTS: 1992 - 2005
a.
Excluding data on disbursement for the year 1998 (US$ 433.3 millions)
for which no pledges were made 25. In response to appeal by the UN Secretary General, at the Ministerial Conference on the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Cambodia, held in Tokyo in June 1992, development cooperation partners pledged to provide around US$ 880 million. Additional pledges were made at the first meeting of the International Committee for the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Cambodia (ICORC), held in Paris in September 1993, raising the total pledges for 1992 and 1993 to US$ 1 billion. At the second meeting of the ICORC, held in Tokyo in March 1994, and the third meeting of the ICORC, held in Paris in March 1995, development cooperation partners pledged to contribute some 770 million US$ and 520 million US$, respectively. The first Consultative Group Meeting for Cambodia was held in 1996 at which the major development partners of Cambodia pledged to provide US$ 501 million for the year 1996 and the NGOs an additional 18 million US$. At the 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 CG meetings, the major development partners, excluding NGOs, had pledged US $ 450 million, 471 million, 548 million, 556 million, US$ 635.0 million, and US$ 504.2 million, respectively. 26. As noted in the
Development Cooperation Report for the years 2002 and 2003, the Royal
Government of Cambodia (RGC) has been aware that the pledges made by
bilateral and multilateral development partners at some of the CG
meetings have included 27. The problem of
double counting also exists in the disbursement data reported by
bilateral and multilateral development cooperation partners as well as
NGOs. In the case of disbursements by multilateral institutions, CDC has
made an attempt to address the issue of double counting by reporting
their disbursements data under the following two headings:
28. In the case of NGOs, an estimate of disbursements of their "own/core funds" has been prepared based on data provided by NGOs to the CDC/CRDB's NGO Coordination Department. This estimate is based on an analysis of the data on the sources of funding of each reporting NGO and excluding from the estimate contributions from in-country bilateral and multilateral sources. 29. At the last CG
meeting held in December 2004, the World Bank had attempted to correct
for double counting in recording pledges data. The data recently
provided by the World Bank Office in Phnom Penh, summarized in Table 2,
show the data for the year 2002 on pledges announced at the 6th CG
meeting held in 2002 in column 2, and the adjusted pledge amounts for
the year 2002 based on the new methodology is shown in column 3. The
changes to the 2002 pledges data, shown in Table 2, illustrate the
approach that was used to the pledges made for the year 2005 at the CG
meeting held in December 2004. Based on the revised definition, a total
of US$ 504.2 million was pledged by bilateral and multilateral
development partners for the year 2005 at the December 2004 Meeting. In
this report the pledges data for 2002 has also been changed from US$
635.0 to US$ 513.8 million reflecting the revised definition of pledges
used by the World Bank at the last CG meeting. TABLE
2: WORLD BANKS ADJUSTMENTS TO PLEDGES DATA FOR 2002 AND PLEDGES FOR 2005
TABLE
3: PLEDGES AND DISBURSEMENT: 2001 - 2005
30. Over the last five years, 2001-2005, disbursements have steadily increased from just under US$ 472 million in 2001 to over US$ 555 million in 2004 and the preliminary estimates indicate that they were around US$ 525 million in 2005 (Table 3). Over the period of 2001-2005, the ratio of disbursements to pledges has also increased. The disbursement rate in 2002 based on data on pledges recorded at the CG meeting show a slight decline from 77.3 percent in 2001 to 76.4 percent in 2002. These on pledges for 2002 include a significant double counting. The disbursement rate for 2002 increases to 94.4 percent if calculated based on the revised estimate of pledges for 2002, US$ 513.8 million, prepared by the World Bank that does not include NGOs, that is only disbursements of bi- and multilateral partners, US$ 485.3 million. The disbursement rate in 2005 increased to 95.2 percent. The RGC is gratified by the support of its development cooperation partners and hopes that they will continue to provide their support to enable the RGC to implement its National Strategic Development Plan: 2006-2010.
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